公共卫生危机中的网民捐助行为:社会资本、政府信任与渠道选择

Internet User’s Voluntary Donation during the Pandemic: Social Capital,Trust in Government,and Channel Choice

在突发公共危机中,民间的自发互助是政府救助的有力补充。以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为代表的全球公共卫生危机为民间互助提出了新的挑战性场景和问题。本文考察了公共卫生危机背景下的网民捐助行为,通过对一项新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的全国规模网络调查进行分析,发现网民对疫情风险的感知,尤其是对自身紧密相关的疫情风险感知,刺激了其捐助意愿。社会资本与政府信任共同促进民间互助行为,但影响人们对捐助渠道和方式的选择。更信任社会、依赖社交媒体的人倾向通过互联网平台等社会渠道帮助他人,而更信任政府、依赖官方媒体的人倾向通过政府渠道提供帮助。因此,本文提出公共卫生的危机应对须加强国家与社会的协同合作。

The global public health crisis represented by COVID-19 pandemic has posed new challenges for non-governmental donations.This paper examines behaviors of netizen’s voluntary giving during the pandemic from perspectives of individual psychologies,social and political aspects.Through the analysis of a nationwide online survey during COVID-19 epidemic,this article found that netizens’perception of epidemic risk,especially the epidemic risk perception related closely to them,stimulated their willingness to donate.Both social capital and trust in government boost individual donation,yet through different channels.People who have higher levels of interpersonal trust and rely more on social media tend to donate through social channels such as online platforms;while those who demonstrate higher levels of trust in government capacities and rely more on official media tend to provide help through government channels.Findings of this study highlight significant needs for collaborations between governments and societies in public health emergencies.