中国汉代玉器的工艺进步和艺术创新——以安徽出土的汉代玉器为例

The Craft Progress and Artistic Innovation of Chinese Jade Article in the Han Dynasty:Taking the Han Dynasty Jade Unearthed in Anhui Province as An Example

汉代是中国玉器发展史上的重要时代。安徽汉墓中出土的多件珍贵、稀罕的汉代玉器精品是汉代玉器工艺进步和艺术创新发展的重要见证。这些玉器显示出当时的玉匠在制玉方面已能娴熟将多种复杂工艺进行综合应用,同时还发展出多层镂雕工艺和较高难度的金属嵌玉工艺;在艺术创作方面,已可实现功能与审美的完美统一,并创作出相对前代同类题材作品或更简约或更写实的作品。对这些优秀玉雕作品进行回顾和分析,有助于我们更深入地了解汉代社会的物质生产水平和文明进化程度,也更可为我们当今的艺术设计提供有益借鉴。

Han Dynasty is an important era in the development history of Chinese jade articles.Some rare and precious jade articles unearthed from the Han Dynasty tombs in Anhui Province are important proofs of the craft progress and artistic innovation of jade articles in the Han Dynasty.These jade articles show that the jade craftsmen at that time could skillfully apply a variety of complex crafts to jade crafting,and they also developed the high level skills of multi-layer jade carving and jade inlaying into metal.In the aspect of artistic creation,the craftsmen had realized the perfect combination of the function and aesthetics of the jade articles,and created more simple and realistic works.The review and analysis of these excellent jade carvings help us to have a deeper understanding of the material production level and the degree of civilization evolution of the Han Dynasty society,and it also provides some helpful illuminations for today’s art design.