试论陆游的园林观

A Research on Lu You’s Garden Concept

南宋开始进入文人造园的盛期,不论是造园数量还是关于园林的文学书写都远超前代。由于园林所依附的土地频繁更迭以及中国传统空间观念中的自然生息之道,南宋园林遗迹几乎不存。以陆游为代表的南宋文人将园林视为同自然共存的生命方式,园林也成为他们的生活方式,渗透在生活的各个方面。陆游作为南宋最重要的文人之一,留下了大量关于其自身的园林营造活动和评价他人园林的文字。这些文字集中反映了陆游的园林观念,一定程度上体现了那个时代的文人对于园林内涵的理解、对园林手法的把握、对园林生活的感悟以及园林评价的标准等。陆游作为确立其时代园林整体意象和象征意义的重要人物,其园林观念也为当下的园林营造及空间评价提供了参照。

Literati-Made Garden entered a flourishing period in the Southern Song Dynasty.Either the number of gardens or the literary writing about gardens far surpassed the previous generation.Due to the frequent changes of land and the law of natural growth and extinction in Chinese traditional concepts,there are almost no relics of the gardens in the Southern Song Dynasty.However,literati regarded gardens as a way of life coexisting with nature,and it has already become their way of life,permeating all aspects of life.As one of the most important literati in the Southern Song Dynasty,Lu You left behind a lot of words about his own garden construction and his evaluation of other people’s gardens.These words reflect Lu You’s concept of gardens and represent the connotation of gardens,the grasp of gardening techniques,the perception of garden life and the establishment of garden evaluation standards by the literati of that era.As an important figure in establishing the overall image and symbolic significance of gardens in his era,Lu You’s concept of gardens also provides a reference for the current use of space creation and spatial evaluation based on gardens.