宅基地“资格权”的社会学意涵

Sociological Meaning of the“Qualification Right”to Homestead

2018年中央一号文件提出了宅基地“三权分置”的改革方向,理解“资格权”的概念并对其实践形态进行考察是本文的主要目的。作为一种身份权利,资格权是新时期“大国小农”的国家农民关系在宅基地产权上的反映。确认资格权的过程是对农民和集体关系的厘清与调整,表现出固化土地保障属性、疏通资本下乡渠道、推进农民市民化进程等功能。在权能之外,宅基地“资格权”的社会学意涵体现在土地和“资格”的文化属性及其对农民和村庄的伦理意义。针对宅基地“三权分置”改革,一个可能的政策建议是在进一步明确宅基地“资格权”内容与边界的基础上,确定宅基地使用权转让的前提,适度拓宽宅基地使用权转让的范围。

In 2018,the No.1 Document of the CPC Central Committee put forward the direction of reform for the"separation of the three rights"of rural homestead.The main purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of"qualification right"and investigate its practical form.As a kind of identity right,qualification right is the reflection of the"big country,small farmer"relationship between the country and the farmer in the New Era by the property right of homestead.The process confirming the qualification right is a clarification and adjustment of the relationship between the farmer and the collective,showing the functions of solidifying the security attributes of land,clearing the channels for capital to flow to the countryside,and facilitating the process for farmers to become citizens.Besides rights and functions,the sociological meaning of the“qualification right”to homestead is reflected in the cultural attributes of land and"qualification"and its ethical significance to farmers and villages.In view of the reform for the"separation of the three rights"of homestead,a possible policy suggestion is to determine the premise of transferring the right to use homestead on the basis of further clarifying the content and boundary of the"qualification right"of homestead,and to appropriately broaden the scope of transferring the right to use homestead.