表观遗传学在过敏性紫癜中的应用现状及中医药研究思考

Application Status of Epigenetics in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura and Thinking of Chinese Medicine Research

遗传因素与环境因素在过敏性紫癜(henoch-schonlein purpura,HSP)的发生发展中发挥着相当重要的作用,而这正是表观遗传调控的特点,受控于遗传因素的同时还受环境因素的影响。由于表观遗传修饰通常为可逆性改变,这为中医药治疗HSP从干预异常表观遗传修饰以纠正病理状态,从而治疗疾病阐释其作用机理提供了可能性。近些年来,有许多学者尝试从DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、miRNA等方面阐明表观遗传修饰与HSP发病及其病理过程的关系,对于HSP的表观遗传调控分子机制有了一定的了解。在HSP的表观遗传调控相关研究中,miRNA的相关研究最为突出,组蛋白修饰及DNA甲基化修饰的研究相对较少。通过对明显异常表达的miRNA进行分析,大多异常表达的miRNA通过直接或间接调控NF-κB信号通路或调控细胞增殖、凋亡进而发挥作用。表观遗传修饰在HSP中的异常表达,提示其可作为HSP发病、消化道及肾脏损伤风险的潜在生物标志物。目前,虽然在表观遗传学方面对HSP的发病机制研究取得了一定成果,但是仍处于较初级阶段,不足以完全明确表观遗传修饰在HSP发生发展中的分子机制,并且表观遗传机制之间的交互作用机制与途径尚不明确。

Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP).This is the characteristic of epigenetic regulation,which is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors.Since epigenetic modification is usually reversible,it is possible for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of HSP to correct pathological state by intervening abnormal epigenetic modification,so as to treat diseases and explain its mechanism of action.In recent years,many scholars have tried to clarify the relationship between epigenetic modification and the pathogenesis and pathological process of HSP from DNA methylation,histone modification,miRNA and other aspects,and have a certain understanding of the molecular mechanism of epigenetic regulation of HSP.In the epigenetic regulation of HSP,miRNA is the most prominent,while histone modification and DNA methylation modification are relatively few.By analyzing the abnormal expression of miRNA,most of the abnormal expression of miRNA directly or indirectly regulate NF-κB signaling pathway may play a role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis.The abnormal expression of epigenetic modification in HSP suggests that epigenetic modification can be used as a potential biomarker of HSP pathogenesis,digestive tract and kidney injury risk.At present,although the research on the pathogenesis of HSP in the aspect of epigenetics has made some achievements,it is still in the primary stage,which is not enough to fully understand the molecular mechanism of epigenetic modification in the occurrence and development of HSP,and the interaction mechanism and pathway between epigenetic mechanisms are still unclear.