河流微塑料入海通量研究进展

Global River Microplastics Flux into the Sea:a Review

目前微塑料污染已经造成全球性的环境问题,其中海洋环境的微塑料污染问题尤为突出,入海河流是陆地与海洋相互作用的重要通道,海洋的陆源物质大多经河流迁移入海,因此入海河流的水质状况及污染物输送量成为陆地对海洋影响的中心问题.该研究通过系统调研,综述了近年来全球范围内有关入海河流的微塑料入海通量与丰度的内容与方法研究;据最近研究估计,陆源的微塑料通量占海洋环境塑料碎片总量的64%~90%,全球河流每年向海洋运输的塑料碎片(微塑料和大塑料)总量为0.41×10^(6)~4×10^(6) t,但全球模型是否适用于特定流域仍需校正和检验;从方法学角度而言,对微塑料丰度数据的采集是研究河流微塑料入海通量的基本前提,并且目前缺乏统一的监测和分析等研究方法,使得不同河流之间通量难以直观对比,加之实测数据不足,导致入海河流中微塑料的陆源分析及定量研究仍处于初步阶段;未来的研究中应注重将微塑料运输量与河流流量高度耦合的数据优化方式,以基于水动力模型阐明微塑料在河流入海过程中的迁移及转化机制.此外,应在全球范围内开展广泛密切的国际合作,建立统一的研究体系,不断完善全球微塑料研究的基础数据库信息,推动国际社会共同应对微塑料污染.

Microplastic pollution has caused global environmental problems,among which the problem in the marine environment is particularly prominent.Rivers flowing into the sea are important channels for the interaction between land and ocean.Most of the land-based materials migrate into the sea through rivers.Therefore,the water quality of the rivers and the amount of pollutants transported have become the hot issue of the impact of land on the ocean.This paper summarizes the studies on the flux and abundance of microplastics from rivers to sea on a global scale in recent years through systematic investigations.Recent studies have estimated that the flux of land-sourced microplastics accounts for 64%to 90%of the total plastic debris in the marine environment,and the total amount of plastic fragments(microplastics and large plastics)transported by global rivers to the ocean each year is 0.41×10^(6)-4×10^(6) t.However,whether the global model is applicable to a specific basin still needs to be corrected and tested.From a methodological point of view,collecting microplastic abundance data is the basic prerequisite for studying the flux of microplastics from rivers to the sea,and the current lack of unified monitoring and analysis research methods makes it difficult to visually compare the fluxes of different rivers.Coupled with insufficient actual measurement data,the land-source analysis and quantitative research of microplastics in rivers entering the sea are still in the preliminary stage.Future research should focus on data optimization methods that highly couple microplastics transportation and river flow,and clarify the migration and transformation mechanisms of microplastics in the process of rivers entering the sea based on hydrodynamic models.In addition,extensive and close international cooperation should be carried out on a global scale,a unified research system should be established,and the basic database information for global microplastics research should be continuously completed,so as to promote the international community to jointly deal with microplastics pollution.