乾嘉时期经学与史学的互动与融通:学术史意义及特征

The Interaction and Integration between Confucian Classics Scholarship and Historiography during the Qianlong and Jiaqing Era in the Qing Dynasty: Its Academic Value and Characteristics

清代乾嘉时期是经史之学互动最密切、融通最深入的时期。在治学实践上,崇实黜虚的经学理念影响史学,形成了重考轻论的史学风尚;小学治经的方法渗透到史学领域,使史学更具实证性;对《春秋》笔法及正统论的厌弃,形成了重史实、轻笔法的历史编纂学。与此同时,史学也影响到经学的发展,人们以史学经世思想丰富经学的思想内涵,经史用世观念涌动;以史事考经籍之正误,借助史学解决经学问题。在理论探讨上,乾嘉学者秉持"经史无二学"的经史关系论,提出经史同源思想,梳理反思经史相分的过程,倡导经史并重。经史之间的这种互动和融通,使史学烙上了经学的印记,经学具有了史学化的倾向,经史之学均回归理性,开始向近代学术迈进。

Confucian classics scholarship and historiography got most closely-interactive and deeply-integrated during Qianlong and Jiaqing Era in the Qing Dynasty. Historiography was influenced by the principles of emphasizing textual researches instead of vague arguments which was promoted by Confucian classics scholarship;the research methods of Chinese exegetics studies influenced historiography and made later more empirical;the characteristics of historical compilation which emphasized historical facts rather than the ideas of orthodoxy and writing styles of the Spring and Autumn period got formed in this period. At the same time, historiography also affected the development of Confucian classics scholarship, the thought of Confucian classics scholarship enriched by the thought of historiography, and the concept of applying to practice got spread;the scholars corrected Confucian classics scholarship by historical events and solved problems in it with the aid of historiography. In the theoretical discussion, the scholars during this period believed that Confucian classics scholarship and historiography were homogenous, and they share same origin. Scholars also analyzed the process of the division of Confucian classics scholarship and historiography, advocating paying attention to both comparably. The interaction and integration between Confucian classics scholarship and historiography made study of Confucian classics and historiography interact on each other, both of them show the characteristics of each other. Then, both of them became reasonable, and begin to transform into modern academics.