基于德尔菲法构建学龄前儿童中医体质类型及定义指标

Types and Definitions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Consitutions of Preschool Children based on Delphi Method

目的采用德尔菲法初步筛选学龄前儿童中医体质类型及其定义指标,为建立学龄前儿童中医体质量表提供依据。方法通过文献检索及定义的规范化处理,结合临床实际,初步建立学龄前儿童中医体质定义的条目池,制定包括中医体质分类、相应体质类型的定义指标两部分的问卷,采用德尔菲法对来自全国11个省(直辖市)的17名专家进行共计3轮的问卷调查。根据专家积极系数、专家意见的集中程度及协调程度对学龄前儿童中医体质类型及定义的各指标进行统计与评价,结合专家意见进行删减及修订,最终确定学龄前儿童中医体质类型及其定义指标。结果初步确定中医体质类型11种,体质定义指标209个。三轮专家调查问卷积极系数分别为100%、100%、88.24%。根据专家意见的集中程度及协调程度,第一轮调查删除指标26个、增加指标5个,第二轮调查删除指标7个,第三轮调查删除指标27个。最终确定中医体质类型共9种,包括平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、气郁质、特禀质、阳热质;定义指标共154个,包括常见表现、心理特征、病证倾向等各方面表现。结论通过德尔菲法初步构建的学龄前儿童9种中医体质类型及154个定义指标可为进一步建立学龄前儿童中医体质量表提供依据。

Objective To select the items related to the types and definitions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution of preschool children using Delphi method,and to provide a basis for establishing a TCM constitution scale for preschool children.Methods Through the literature review,the standardization of items and the considerations of the practical application,the item pool of TCM constitution for preschool children was initially developed;and a questionnaire including TCM constitution types and the corresponding definition indicators was established.A three-round questionnaire survey was conducted in 17 experts from 11 provinces(municipalities directly under the Central Government)using Delphi method.The data on TCM constitution types and the corresponding definition indicators was calculated based on the positive coefficient of the surveyed experts,the concentration degree and the coordination degree of the opinions,and the final items were determined after the modification and deletion according to the experts′opinions.Results Initially,there were 11 TCM consititution types and 209 items of constitution definition.The experts positive coefficient of the three-round questionnaire survey were 100%,100%,and 88.24%,respectively.According to the concentration and coordination degree of expert opinions,26 items were deleted and five items were added in the first round survey;seven items were deleted in the second round;and 27 items were deleted in the third round.Finally,nine TCM constitution types were remained including balanced constitution,qi deficiency constitution,yang deficiency constitution,yin deficiency constitution,phlegm dampness constitution,dampness heat constitution,qi constraint constitution,inherited special constitution,and yang heat constitution;and 154 items related to constitution definitions were determined,involving vigorous,refreshed,responsive,and well-nourished.Conclusion The nine TCM constitution types and 154 definition indicators of preschool children are initially constructed by the Delphi method,which can provide a basis for the further establishment of the TCM constitution scale for preschool children.