北方方言咸山摄一等韵演变的阶段性

The development of Middle Chinese first-division rhymes of the xian(咸) and shan(山) groups in Northern Chinese dialects

北方方言(官话和晋语)古咸山摄一等韵的今读,根据并入二等韵的不同情况,可分为八型十一类。排比五种主要类型,不难发现咸山摄一等韵的演变具有明显的阶段性,这是由其内部的端见、舒入和开合的差别造成的,可从语音学上加以解释。文章还结合历史文献考察了部分音变大致发生的时间,并指出:就咸山摄一等韵的演变而言,晋语虽有保守之处,但并无超出官话的表现,二者实际同出一源且共同发展。

In Northern Chinese dialects(including Mandarin and the Jin dialects),the pronunciations of Middle Chinese first-division rhymes of the xian(咸)and shan(山)groups can be classified into eight types and eleven subtypes,depending on the extent to which they merged into the second-division rhymes.By comparing the five main types of these rhymes,the paper points out that these different types actually represent different phases of the historical merging process.Whether a rhyme was merged earlier or later is related to the feature of its initial(alveolar vs.velar),its final ending(*-n vs.*-?)and its medial(with*-u-vs.without*-u-).In addition,this study also suggests that,on the sound change of Middle Chinese first-division rhymes of the xian and shan groups,the Jin dialects tend to be more conservative but not significantly different from Mandarin dialects.They developed from the same origin and share many features in common.