重思马克思新唯物主义的世界观

Rethinking the Marx’s New Materialist World Outlook

马克思的新唯物主义世界观推崇的是实践或感性的活动,与之相对应的则是唯物主义的感性的直观、唯心主义的抽象的思维。"观"世界的主体不仅是从事直观活动或思维活动的认识主体,同时也是进行感性活动的实践主体。"世界"是人的实践活动的产物,是我们的活动、我们的关系、我们的观念所构成的统一体,马克思把在"我"之外的客观世界变成了一个"我"在其中的世界,把静止的、固定化的世界变成了一个变化的、具有社会历史性的世界,把一个碎片化的世界变成了一个具有总体性的世界,把一个等着我们去认识的世界变成了一个我们可以去改变的世界。这是新唯物主义世界观之"新"的根本体现。

The world outlook of Marx’s new materialism advocates practical or sensuous activities, which contrasts with the sensuous intuition of materialism and the abstract thinking of idealism. The subject of "observing" the world is not only the cognitive subject engaged in intuitive activities or thinking activities, but also the practical subject engaged in sensuous activities. Practice especially refers to the material activities that play a positive role in the historical process. Not all material activities can be called practical activities. "World" is the product of human’s practical activities, and there is no wonder that it is the unity constituted by our activities, our relations and our ideas. Marx actually transformed the objective world outside "I" into a world in which "I" exists, and restored the world of seeing things without seeing people to a world in which people always exist. He turned a static and fixed world into a changing and socially historic one, a fragmented world into a totality, and a world waiting to be understood into a world that we can change. Thus fundamentally reflects the "new" of the new materialism world outlook.