融合与维持:菲律宾华人的认同--基于在菲律宾马尼拉的田野调查

Integration and Preservation:The Identity of Filipino Chinese--A Field Research in Manila,the Philippines

自1975年菲律宾华侨大量加入菲律宾国籍,成为菲律宾公民以来,菲律宾华人在政治认同上已经转向菲律宾。不过,菲律宾华人在文化上与本土社会的融合注定是漫长的过程。一方面,华人与菲律宾本土社会正发生较深层次的融合,在文化传统和行为习惯上已经日渐本土化。比如华人在家庭中以闽南语和他加禄语为主要使用语言,且使用他加禄语的比例趋高。华人习惯庆祝菲律宾本土节日,对跨族群婚姻持更加包容的态度。另一方面,菲律宾华人又在很大程度上维系着华人的文化和身份认同,中华文化的烙印依然清晰可见,对祖籍国中国依然持有很大程度的好感。本土华人社区的文化坚守、中国新移民的流入以及中国国际影响力的持续上升,使得菲律宾华人在不断的本土融合进程中得以维持其族群文化与认同。

The Chinese Filipino as a whole has become part of the host society since 1975 when plenty of alien Chinese residing in the Philippines chose to naturalize to be Philippine citizens.However,the cultural integration of Chinese Filipino with the host society started to evolve further.On one hand,Chinese Filipino has been integrating with local society and became more and more localized in cultural traditions and behavioral habits.For example,Minnan and Tagalog languages are the most used languages in Chinese families with increased frequency use of Tagalog.Chinese Filipino are now used to celebrating local festivals like Christmas in the Philippines and taking a more inclusive approach to interracial marriage.On the other hand,Chinese Filipino still inherit Chinese culture and maintain their ethnic identity to a large extent,they still hold good impression and affinity for China.The Chinese Filipino’s continuous endeavor to inheriting and protecting Chinese culture,the influx of new Chinese immigrants to the Philippines,as well as the rising of China and its influence expansion in the world have enabled the Chinese Filipino to maintain their traditional culture and ethnic identity when integrating with local society.