广东省乡镇居家老人跌倒现状及危险因素调查分析

A survey of falls among the elderly at home in villages of Guangdong Province

目的调查广东省乡镇居家老人跌倒现状及危险因素,为制订乡镇居家老人跌倒预防措施提供参考。方法2020年1—2月,以广东省6个地区的223名社区居家老人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、预防老年人跌倒居家环境危险因素评估表、跌倒效能量表进行调查。结果223名调查对象中,50.7%的老人1年内至少发生过1次跌倒,且女性占75.2%。结果显示,不同性别、年龄、居住情况、是否使用助行器及害怕跌倒程度的老人,其跌倒发生率存在差异(P<0.05);居家环境跌倒危险因素中,是否养宠物、有无攀高取物、沙发高度、椅子有无扶手4项分组所对应的老人跌倒发生率存在差异(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、害怕跌倒的程度均是乡镇居家老人跌倒的影响因素(OR值分别为0.492、0.881、1.912,P<0.05)。结论乡镇居家老人的跌倒发生率较高。防范居家老人跌倒,应加强对乡镇老人的健康宣教,提高其对跌倒相关知识的认识,同时还应指导老人合理改善居家环境,减少跌倒相关危险因素。

Objective To investigate the status quo and risk factors of falls among homebound elderly in townships of Guangdong Province,and to provide a reference for formulating fall prevention measures for the homebound elderly in townships.Methods From January to February 2020,a total of 223 community‑dwelling elderly people in 6 areas of Guangdong Province were selected.They were investigated by using the General Information Questionnaire,Home Environmental Risk Factor Assessment Form for Prevention of Falls in Elderly People,and Falls Efficacy Scale.Results Of the 223 respondents,50.7%of them had experienced at least 1 fall within 1 year,and 75.2%were female.The results showed that there were differences in the incidence of falls among the elderly different in gender,age,living situation,use of walking aids and fear of falling(P<0.05);among the risk factors of falls in the home environment,there were differences in the incidence of falls among the elderly in the following 4 groups:whether they keep pets,whether they climb high,whether their sofas are high above the ground,and whether they have armchairs(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,and fear of falling were the factors influencing falls among the homebound elderly in townships(OR=0.492,0.881,and 1.912,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of falls is high in the homebound elderly in townships.To prevent falls among the homebound elderly,health education should be strengthened for the elderly in townships to improve their understanding of fall‑related knowledge.Besides,they should be instructed to reasonably improve their home layout and reduce fall‑related risk factors.