重大公共卫生危机治理中旅游企业复工复产政策差异及协同研究——基于122份政策文本的计量探索

Research on Differences and Coordination of Tourism Enterprises'Resumption of Work and Production Policies in the Management of Major Public Health Crisis:Econometric Exploration Based on 122 Policy Texts

新冠肺炎疫情期间中央和地方密集出台系列旅游企业复工复产政策,基于府际间政策差异和政策扩散视角,从外部属性和内部结构两方面构建“政策时间—政策空间—政策发文主体—政策主题内容”分析框架,选取从2020年1月22日到8月18日共122份旅游企业复工复产政策文本,采用文献计量分析方法、共词分析法、内容分析法、社会网络分析法对旅游企业复工复产政策文本进行量化研究。研究发现:中央和地方层面政策发文时间保持一致,地方响应迅速,“中央—省级—市级”自上而下的政策扩散表现非常明显,出现政策爆发现象;政策空间扩散呈现传染性扩散模式,出现多地共发的点状扩散现象,形成危机中心、政治中心和经济中心不同特征;政策发文主体呈现差异化、多元化,但是联合发文力度不够,部门间政策协同有待提升;央地政策均强调统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的重要性,政策主题差异在于二者分别聚焦于就业和消费。进一步提升协调创制政策水平,完善政策协同机制;加强政府联合发文力度,突破治理路径依赖;保持政策工具的均衡性,坚持靶向精准施策。

During the COVID-19 pandemic,the central and local governments intensively issued a series of policies for the resumption of work and production of tourism enterprises.Based on the perspective of inter-governmental policy differences,the"policy time-policy space-policy issuer-policy subject content"was constructed from both external attributes and internal structure.The analytical framework provides an entry point for the effective dialogue between tourism companies'resumption of work and production policy documents and policy practices and provides new ideas for their collaborative governance.The research found that the time of policy publication at the central and local levels was consistent,and the local response speed was rapid,resulting in the outbreak of policy.The policy space diffusion presents the dot diffusion phenomenon which occurs in many places and forms different characteristics of a crisis center,political center,and economic center.The subject of policy publication is differentiated and diversified,but the joint issuance is not enough,and the policy coordination between departments needs to be improved.Both central and local policies emphasize the importance of coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development.They adopt financial support policies to protect market players.The difference in policy themes lies in that the two focus on employment and consumption respectively.Finally,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to:improve the level of coordination and creation of policies and improve the policy coordination mechanism;strengthen the joint publication of government to break through the dependence of governance path;maintain the balance of policy tools and take targeted and precise measures.