同时(代)性与时空转换:从柏格森到梅洛-庞蒂

Simultaneity/Contemporaneity and the Transformation of Space-time:From Bergson to Merleau-Ponty

笛卡尔哲学开启了早期现代性,柏格森哲学和梅洛-庞蒂哲学归属于后期现代性,福柯哲学展示了当代性。在两位后期现代哲学家那里,前者通过抵制时间的空间化既延续又超越了早期现代的时间思维模式,后者则由于承认时间的空间化在不放弃现代时间思维模式的情况下开启了当代空间思维模式。当代性/同时代性和同时性差不多是同义的,它们都与时间中的现在维度联系在一起,意味着时间的空间化。我们很自然地从柏格森对同时性的排斥进展到梅洛-庞蒂对它的部分认可,进而通达福柯对它的完全认同,并最终明白现代性的时间思维模式转换为当代性的空间思维模式的学理机制。

Descartes’ philosophy initiates the early modernity;the philosophy of Bergson and Merleau-Ponty belongs to the late modernity,and Foucault’s philosophy belongs to the contemporaneity. With respect to the two philosophers of late modernity,the former continues and transcends the temporal mode of thinking in early modern times via resistance to the spatialization of time;the later initiates contemporary spatial mode of thinking while recognizing the spatialization of time without giving up temporal mode of thinking in modern times. Contemporaneity and simultaneity are almost synonymous,associated with the present dimension of time and signify the spatialization of time. We can naturally pass from Bergson ’s resistance to simultaneity to Merleau-Ponty’s partial and Foucault’s full recognition of it,and finally understand how the modern temporal mode of thinking is transformed into the contemporary spatial mode of thinking.