如何看待杜甫诗歌那些隐逸性的卒章之志

How to Interpret the Reclusive Aambition in Du Fu’s Poems

杜甫诗歌往往"首句标其目",也往往"卒章显其志"。杜甫的诗歌结句,固多"致君尧舜上"的主体意志和人生初心,但也时有或崇道或奉佛的隐逸之思、放逸之笔,表现着奉儒守官、君国社稷的杜甫主体形象的另一侧面。但杜甫诗歌中那些隐逸的"尾巴"有时候只是一种貌似,近于一种不过是说说而已的套语。是故,不能简单地认为杜甫诗歌这种隐逸的"尾巴"就是杜甫打算终老山林、避俗忘世的真切表白。对杜甫诗歌的这种卒章隐逸之志,宜解读为即时即兴的切题合体之举,亦即金圣叹所谓的"因文生事"。

In Du Fu’s poems,the first sentence often marks the purpose,and the last shows his ambition.The conclusion of Du Fu’s poems is mainly based on the will of the subject and the original intention of life.However,there are also thoughts of seclusion and free writing of worshiping Taoism or Buddhism,which shows another aspect of Du Fu’s main image of worshiping Confucianism and guarding officials and monarchy.However,the reclusive"tail"in Du Fu’s poems is sometimes just a kind of seeming,close to a kind of idiom that is just talk.Therefore,we can’t simply think that Du Fu’s seclusion"tail"in his poems is his real expression of his intention to end his life in the mountains and avoid vulgarity and forget the world.The purpose of seclusion in Du Fu’s poems should be interpreted as the act of immediate and impromptu combination,that is,what Jin Shengtan called"coming from the words".