局灶性关节软骨缺损外科治疗的研究现状

Current researches on surgical treatments of focal articular cartilage defects

局灶性关节软骨缺损在运动医学领域较为常见,通常导致关节疼痛和功能障碍,由于软骨无血管、缺乏内源性修复细胞的特点,其自愈能力有限,若不及时治疗最终将发展为骨关节炎。手术一直是临床治疗关节软骨缺损的主要手段,按照外科修复技术主要分为姑息性手术、修复性手术、重建性手术和软骨替代性手术等四大类。本文主要就近年来有关以上不同外科手段治疗局灶性软骨缺损的适应证、优势、局限性及远期疗效等方面的进展情况进行综述。

Focal articular cartilage defects are common injuries in sports medicine, which usually lead to joint pain and dysfunction.Due to the characteristics of cartilage that bloodless and lack of endogenous repair cells, the cartilage has limited self-healing potential,therefore the defects will eventually lead to osteoarthritis if left untreated. Surgery has always been the main means of clinical treatment of articular cartilage defects. According to the surgical repair technology, it can be divided into four categories: palliative surgery, repair surgery, reconstruction surgery and cartilage replacement surgery. In this paper, the recent progress of indications, advantages, limitations and long-term efficacy of the abovementioned surgical methods in the treatment of focal cartilage defects are reviewed.