北方茶区茶树短穗扦插繁育技术研究

Short-Spike Cutting Propagation Techniques of Tea Tree in Northern Tea Area

研究旨在提出适宜北方茶区茶树的扦插繁育技术,为抗寒茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。以无性系茶树品种’中茶108’为试验材料,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究激素种类、插穗状态、浸蘸浓度和时间等因子对茶苗发育和扦插成活率的影响。正交试验结果显示,最优组合为A1B3C3D3,即插穗清水浸泡,扦插前浸蘸200 mg/L IBA 30 min,成活率达81.3%;4个扦插因素产生的效应由主到次依次为激素种类、插穗处理方式、激素的浸蘸时间、激素浓度。不同激素种类处理下,地上部发育指标显示IBA+NAA处理有利于叶片数量和干重增长;由茶苗根系发育情况表型观测可知,IBA+NAA处理根类组成较合理,有利于根系中一级侧根、延长根和吸收根的协同生长;由根系发育指标分析可知,IBA+NAA处理最大程度地促进了根系总根长、总表面积、根体积、根尖数和生物量的增长。由此确立最优扦插组合为插穗斜削后立即清水浸泡,扦插前用激素组合IBA(200 mg/L)+NAA(200 mg/L)浸蘸30 min后迅速插入基质。在此扦插组合下,27个茶树品种的扦插繁育特性差异较大,扦插成活率最高为91.1%,最低仅为12.17%,高于80%的有11个。研究结果在北方茶树扦插中具有较强的应用性,能够为茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。

A cutting propagation suitable for tea trees in northern tea areas is proposed to provide referencesfor the selection and promotion of cold-resistant tea varieties. An orthogonal experiment of four factors bythree levels [L9(34)] was applied to studying the effects of factors such as hormone type, cutting state, dipconcentration and time on tea seedling development and cutting survival rate of‘Zhongcha 108’. The resultsshow that: the best combination is A1 B3 C3 D3, in which, the cuttings are soaked in clear water and dip in 200 mg/LIBA for 30 min before cutting, and the survival rate is 81.3%;from primary to secondary, the effects of the 4 cutting factors are hormones type, cutting processing method, hormone dip time and hormone concentration.Under the treatment of different hormone types, the aboveground development data of tea seedlings show that IBA + NAA treatment is beneficial to the increase of leaf number and dry weight;the root developmentphenotype of tea seedlings indicates that the root composition under the IBA+NAA treatment is reasonable,which is conducive to the coordinated growth of first-level lateral roots, extended roots and absorption roots inthe root system;the analysis of root system development indicators show that IBA + NAA treatment couldmaximize the growth of total root length, total surface area, root volume, number of root tips and biomass of theroot system. The optimal cutting combination is: the cuttings are soaked in clean water immediately afterbeveling, and then planted into the matrix after dipping 30 min in hormone combination IBA(200 mg/L) +NAA(200 mg/L). Under the optimal combination of cuttings, the cutting propagation characteristics of 27 teatree varieties are quite different. The cutting survival rate is 91.1% at the highest, 12.17% at the lowest, and 11 tea varieties have the survival rate higher than 80%. The research results have strong applicability in northerntea tree cuttings, and can provide technical support for the selection and promotion of tea varieties.