不同有机肥对土壤特性及’红地球’葡萄生长和品质的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Growth and Quality of ’Red Globe’ Grape

为解决’红地球’葡萄在南方沿海地区设施栽培中存在的着色差、风味淡及设施葡萄园土壤板结、酸化、盐渍化等问题,通过在冬季基肥中增施不同的有机肥,研究其对土壤理化性质、营养状况、植株生长及果实品质的影响。施用碳基生物肥、生物菌肥和菜饼肥均可以明显提高土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量,效果以碳基生物肥最佳,有机质、有效磷和速效钾分别较对照显著提高43.77%、35.45%和57.9%;菜饼肥对土壤微量元素的增加效果最好,交换性钙和镁含量分别较对照显著提高40.58%和13.74%;施用有机肥可以不同程度上降低容重、增加孔隙度、降低土壤含盐量、提高p H,效果以施用菜饼肥最佳。施用有机肥可以增加叶面积,提高枝条木质化程度,施用菜饼肥的叶面积和枝蔓木质化程度分别提高了21.62%和14.31%;施用腐熟菜饼肥的果实综合品质最高,单果重、TSS、固酸比分别提高26.46%、2°Brix和34.20%,经济效益以腐熟菜饼肥和碳基生物肥为最好,每公顷效益分别增加至58794和39456元。施用不同有机肥能不同程度地提高土壤有机质、营养元素含量,降低土壤含盐量、降低容重、增加孔隙度、提高土壤酸碱度,进而促进枝蔓生长、提高品质和效益,综合效果以施用腐熟菜饼肥最佳。

To solve the problems such as color difference and light flavor of fruits and soil hardening,acidification and salinization in facility vineyard of’Red Globe’grape in southern coastal area of China, this experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying base fertilizer combined with different organic fertilizers in winter on soil physicochemical properties, nutritional status, grape plant growth and fruit quality.The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased by applying carbon-based biological fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and vegetable cake fertilizer. Soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased by 43.77%, 35.45%and 57.9%, respectively, under the application of carbon-based biological fertilizer, which were the best. The effect of vegetable cake fertilizer on the increase of soil microelements was the best with the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium being increased by 40.58% and 13.74%, respectively. The application of organic fertilizer could reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, decrease salt content and increase pH,and the vegetable cake fertilizer had the best efficacy. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the leaf area and improve the lignifications degree of branches, which were increased respectively by 21.62% and14.31% with the application of vegetable cake fertilizer. The comprehensive fruit quality was the best after applying vegetable cake fertilizer and the single fruit weight, TSS and solid acid ratio were increased by26.46%, 2° Brix and 34.20% respectively. The economic benefits were the best with the application of rotten vegetable cake fertilizer and carbon based biological fertilizer, increased by 58794 and 39456 yuan/hm2,respectively. The application of different organic fertilizers can increase the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient elements, decrease salt content and bulk density, increase porosity and pH, thus promote the growth ofbranches, and the fruit quality and economic benefits, and the comprehensive effect of applying rotten vegetable cake fertilizer is the best.