2015-2019年海口地区产科出生缺陷监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of obstetric birth defects in Haikou area from 2015 to 2019

目的了解2015-2019年海口地区产科出生缺陷情况,探讨出生缺陷监测、干预和预防工作,降低出生缺陷率,提高人口素质。方法对产科2015-2019年在海口地区孕13周~产7 d胎儿及新生儿出生缺陷情况进行统计,将出生缺陷登记各项内容和病历有关情况进行核对,采用描述性统计学方法分析出生缺陷流行特征。结果2015-2019年共分娩围生儿25633例,出生缺陷围生儿784例,缺陷率3.06%。其中男婴491例、女婴290例、性别不明3例;单发畸形717例、多发畸形67例;在产前诊断者179例、产后诊断者605例;2015-2016年缺陷比率最高,为4.27%,显著高于其他年份(P<0.05),在缺陷疾病分布上以先天性心脏病、肢体畸形、唇腭裂最为常见,三者占比67.85%,和其他缺陷疾病比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出生缺陷以男性居多,城市人口发病率更高,在年龄分布上呈两端化,母亲<20岁和>35岁发病率高,和同项目其他比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出生缺陷常见病因中,母亲各种疾病服药、接触有毒有害物质、自然流产史发生率最高,分别占40.43%、29.85%、13.26%,和其他病因比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尽可能降低出生缺陷是优生优育的基础,出生缺陷种类多,影响因素多,各级妇产医院应广泛开展育龄人群优生优育相关知识宣传,提升孕前妊娠期保健检查普及率,加强产前诊断水平和遗传优生咨询服务,降低出生缺陷率。

Objective To understand the incidence of birth defects in obstetrics in Haikou from 2015 to 2019,explore the monitoring,intervention and prevention of birth defects,reduce the incidence of defects,and improve the quality of the population.Methods The birth defects of fetuses and newborns from 13 weeks to 7 days of pregnancy in Haikou area from 2015 to 2019 were registered in the obstetric department.The contents of the birth defect registration and medical records were checked,and the birth defects were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Popular features.Results A total of 25,633 perinatal infants were delivered from 2015 to 2019,and 784 perinatal infants with birth defects were delivered.The defect rate was 3.06%.Among them,491 were boys,290 were girls,and 3 were of unknown gender;717 were single malformations and 67 were multiple malformations;179 were diagnosed before childbirth and 605 were diagnosed after childbirth;2015–2016 had the highest defect rate at 4.27%,significantly higher than other years(P<0.05).Congenital heart disease,limb deformities,and cleft lip and palate are the most common in the distribution of defect diseases.The ratio of the three is 67.85%,which is statistically different from other defects(P<0.05);The majority of birth defects are male,and the urban population has a higher incidence rate,showing a polarization in the age distribution.The incidence rate of<20 years old and>35 years old is high,and the difference is statistically significant compared with other items in the same item(P<0.05);Among the common causes of birth defects,mothers have the highest incidences of medication for various diseases,exposure to toxic and harmful substances,and spontaneous abortion,accounting for 40.43%,29.85%,and 13.26%respectively,which are statistically different from other causes(P<0.05).Conclusion Minimizing birth defects is the basis of prenatal and postnatal care.There are many types of birth defects and many influencing factors.Obstetrics and gynecology hospitals at all levels should carry out extensive publicity of prenatal and postnatal care related knowledge among people of childbearing age,increase the popularization rate of pre-pregnancy health checkups and strengthen prenatal Diagnosis level and genetic eugenics consultation service to reduce the rate of birth defects.