推进神经影像数据共享与开放式脑科学

Toward neuroinformatics of neuroimaging data sharing and open brain science

20世纪80年代末,神经科学与信息科学的融合催生了神经信息学,其核心研究内容之一是对复杂的脑结构与脑功能实现信息化,建设脑数据库,对脑信息处理系统进行数学建模.神经信息学发展的30年来,活体脑成像技术飞速发展,人们得以无创地观测和记录人脑——这一复杂信息系统——的高精度时空特性.进入21世纪,堪比上世纪"阿波罗登月计划"和"曼哈顿计划",脑科学计划成为各国竞相角逐的科学前沿.其中,以推动"无创活体人脑成像技术"最为引人关注.近10年来,以磁共振成像为代表的活体脑成像方法,在推进"人类行为的脑科学基础研究"上取得了显著发展与应用,积累了海量的人脑活体成像数据.针对这类大数据的神经信息化科学研究正在迅速发展为21世纪生命科学的前沿,催生了"开放式"的新型科学理念和合作方式,逐步形成了开放式脑科学研究的崭新方向.本文就人脑磁共振神经影像数据共享的历史和现状,以及开放式脑科学的前景进行了综述.

In the late 1980s,fusions of advances in both neuroscience and information science gave birth to neuroinformatics with a core mission to informationize the complex brain structure and function and build the database.Three decades of neuroinformatics has witnessed the rapid progression on the in-vivo brain mapping technologies for monitoring and recording high-resolution spatial and temporal properties of such a complex informatic system non-invasively.Comparable to"Apollo Lunar Exploration"and"Manhattan Project"in the last century,brain projects became a national-wide arena for scientific frontiers in early 2000s.The most recent decade paralleled the remarkable development of the non-invasive and in-vivo human brain imaging technologies.Magnetic resonance imaging has made significant progresses on the basic research for understanding the human behavior and brain.This generated huge amount of in-vivo neuroimaging data and waved a new cycle of neuroinformatic research frontiers in life sciences,"open neuroscience"or"open brain science"featured by neuroimaging data sharing.In this review,we surveyed the history,state and future of neuroimaging data-sharing and the open brain science.