记忆发展神经科学:研究现状与未来展望

Developmental neuroscience of memory:research status and future prospect

记忆是人类获得大量知识和技能的关键,是个体适应环境和生存发展的基础.那么,个体的学习记忆表现和神经机制是如何随年龄的增长而变化的呢?围绕这一问题,本文首先对近年来的研究结果进行了总结,特别是针对工作记忆和长时记忆(包括外显记忆和内隐记忆)的成果进行了梳理,指出了该领域面临的主要问题.在此基础上,本文提出了推进我国记忆发展神经科学研究的建议:继续深入研究学习记忆的神经机制,解决领域内关键问题;加强对儿童和老年人学习记忆脑机制的研究;重视纵向研究;建立更全面的脑-行为模型;以及加强应用研究.

Memory is crucial for the acquisition of the tremendous amount of knowledge and skills and thus it is the basis of human survival and development.Then,how do learning and memory performance and neural mechanisms change with age?Around the core issue,this article first summarized the research results in recent years,especially those about some important memory subsystems such as working memory and long-term memory(including explicit and implicit memory).Then we revealed the research status in the field of developmental neuroscience of memory and predicted the future direction.On the basis of the work mentioned above,we put forward following suggestions to promote research work in China:(i)making further studies on the neural mechanisms of learning and memory and solving critical problems in this field;(ii)strengthening research on brain mechanisms of learning and memory of children and the elderly;(iii)paying attention to longitudinal studies;(iv)establishing more comprehensive brain-behavior models;(v)strengthening applied studies.