新型冠状病毒潜在抗体依赖增强效应的研究进展

Potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2

抗体依赖增强(antibody-dependent enhancement,ADE)是关系到病毒疫苗和抗体疗法安全性的重要问题之一。临床试验表明,ADE效应是导致部分病毒疫苗(如登革热疫苗等)研发失败的重要原因。针对非典型肺炎的致病病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus,SARS-CoV)以及其他呼吸道病毒的研究提示,这些病毒刺激产生的抗体可能会通过ADE效应加重疾病症状。基于以上证据,新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的ADE效应成为人们关注的热点问题。现对ADE效应及其关键机制进行介绍,并结合目前已有的实验室数据和临床数据评估和解读SARS-CoV-2引发ADE效应的潜在风险。

Antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)of disease is one of the general concerns for the safety of vaccines and antibody therapies.Previous clinical studies revealed that ADE is crucial for the failure in the development of vaccines against several viruses such as dengue virus vaccine.Data from studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and other respiratory viruses suggest that antibodies stimulated by these viruses could exacerbate disease through ADE.Based on these evidences,the implications of ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection raise concern of the public.This review will describe the concept of ADE as well as the key mechanisms,and simultaneously evaluate the potential risks of ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to experimental and clinical data recently published.