刑事诉讼中私人取证证据效力的域外经验借鉴

Extraterritorial Experiences on the Effectiveness of Private Evidence in Criminal Proceedings

在当前刑事诉讼中,公权力机关是最主要的取证主体,但由于公权力机关取证的局限性以及私力救济观念的兴起等原因,私人取证逐渐成为一种普遍性现象,通过此方式所取得的证据对于案件认定也起到了不可忽视乃至关键的作用。因此,在司法实践中如何界定私人取证的相关问题是业界关注的焦点。借鉴美国"私人放任模式"和德国"利益权衡"的经验,结合国内外研究成果,立足我国特定国情,构建起刑事诉讼私人取证制度,辩证看待私人取证的证据效力,以平衡保护法益和保障人权的刑事理念,推进社会主义法治国家的建设。

In the current criminal proceedings,the public power organ is the most important subject of evidence collection,but due to the limitation of the public power organ and the rise of the concept of private relief,private evidence has gradually become a universal phenomenon.The evidence obtained in this way also plays an important role in case determination.Therefore,how to define the relevant issues of private evidence in judicial practice is the focus of the industry.Drawing lessons from the experience of“private laissez-faire mode”in the United States and“balance of interests”in Germany,combining with the research results at home and abroad,based on the specific national conditions of our country,the system of private evidence collection in criminal proceedings is constructed.