学术与政治之间:从《通志》看郑樵的学术成就

Between Academic and Politics: Zheng Qiao’s Academic Achievements in the Tongzhi

郑樵一生致力于学问,勤于著述,是三通之一《通志》的作者。他通过对利禄奖劝下发展起来的汉学和江左声韵之学的批判,委婉地表达对宋代科举制的不满。他选择隐士的生活方式,但其人生抉择和学术思想都透露着儒家积极入世的底色。《通志》所强调“会通之义”受到“帝王学”的影响,符合《资治通鉴》“鉴于往事,有资于治道”的主旨,从中可见宋代治学在总结会通基础上进一步向实学考证的方向发展的趋势。郑樵其人其学被湮没的根本原因是他实证的学风与当时唯心主义学术倾向和加强帝王专制的时代需求相悖。

Zheng Qiao devoted his life to learning and writing,the author of Tongzhi(General Histories),one of the three local gazetteers.Through his criticism of the Sinology and Jiang Zuo rhyme developed from wealth,the position and prizes,he euphemistically expressed his dissatisfaction with the system of science in Song Dynasty.He chose hermit’s way of life,but his life choice and academic thought revealed the background of Confucianism’s active entry into life.Tongzhi emphasizes the meaning of being well versed in histories.It is influenced by“imperial studies”,which is in line with the main idea of having the resources to govern the way in view of the past in“Zizhi Tongjian”,from which we can see the trend of further development of academic research in Song Dynasty.The fundamental reason why Zheng Qiao’s study was annihilated was that his empirical style of study was contrary to the academic tendency of idealism and the demand of strengthening imperial autocracy at that time.