福建省2017-2019年出生早产儿和低出生体重儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗接种率和影响因素调查

Coverage of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and factors influencing coverage among premature and low-birth-weight infants born in 2017-2019 in Fujian province

目的了解早产儿和低出生体重儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗(First dose of hepatitis B vaccine,HepB1)接种率及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样在福建省2个市6家医院选取2017-2019年出生的早产儿和低出生体重儿开展HepB1接种问卷调查,分析接种率及其影响因素。结果早产儿、低出生体重儿HepB1接种率分别为95.34%(307/322)、99.00%(298/301),及时接种率分别为86.02%(277/322)、95.02%(286/301)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的早产儿HepB1接种率低;出生体重大(≥1.50kg vs<1.50kg)、乙型肝炎监测点的低出生体重儿HepB1及时接种率高。结论福建省早产儿和低出生体重儿HepB1接种率高而及时接种率偏低,该人群HepB接种存在误区。应加强HepB接种知识培训和宣传,提高该人群HepB1及时接种率。

Objective To determine coverage with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)among premature and low-birth-weight infants and factors influencing coverage.Methods We used a stratified cluster sampling technique to select premature and low-birth-weight infants born in 6 hospitals of 2 prefectures in Fujian province during 2017-2019.We conducted a questionnaire-based survey to determine HepB1 coverage and its influencing factors.Results Coverage levels of HepB1 among premature and low-birth-weight infants were 95.34%(307/322)and 99.00%(298/301),respectively,with timely coverage levels being 86.02%(277/322)and 95.02%(286/301).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coverage of HepB1 was low among premature infants whose mothers were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),and timely coverage was high among low-birth-weight infants whose birth weight was higher(≥1.50 kg vs<1.50 kg)or who lived in hepatitis B monitoring areas.Conclusions Coverage of HepB1 was high but timely coverage was low among premature and low-birth-weight infants in Fujian,possibly indicating a misunderstanding about HepB vaccination.We should strengthen HepB vaccination knowledge training and publicity to improve timely HepB1 coverage among premature and low-birth-weight infants.