北京市长寿老年人健康状态及日常生活活动依赖因素分析

Analysis on the dependence factors of health status and activities of daily living of long-lived elderly in Beijing

目的调查高龄长寿老年人健康状态及日常生活活动能力,分析影响其日常生活活动依赖的主要疾病因素,为精准预防及医养结合提供数据支持。方法选取北京市海淀区319名95岁以上老年人为研究对象。于2015年7月至2016年11月,对319名老年人的日常生活活动、认知功能和常见病进行了调查。采用二分类Logistic回归分析影响生活依赖的疾病因素。结果35.73%的长寿老人对日常生活活动有中、重度依赖,女性依赖程度高于男性(P<0.01)。认知功能障碍发生率为52.35%,女性多于男性(P<0.01)。除因机体功能减退引起的退行性骨关节病外,常见疾病以高血压、冠心病、白内障、糖尿病、前列腺病、脑梗死、阿尔兹海默病等为主。女性骨折发生率明显高于男性(P<0.01)。脑梗死和阿尔兹海默病是日常生活中、重度依赖的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死和阿尔兹海默病是影响长寿老年人日常生活活动依赖的主要疾病因素。

Objective To investigate the health status and activities of daily living(ADL)of long-lived elderly and analyze the main disease factors impacting their dependence on ADL,so as to provide data support for precision prevention and combination of medicine and nursing.Methods A total of 319 elderly over 95 years old in Haidian district of Beijing were selected as the research objects.The 319 elderly were investigated from July 2015 to November 2016 on ADL,cognitive function and common diseases.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the disease factors impacting their life dependence.Results 35.73%of the long-lived elderly had moderate and severe dependence on ADL,and the dependence degree of women was higher than that of men(P<0.01).The incidence of cognitive dysfunction was 52.35%,and the rate in women was higher than that in men(P<0.01).In addition to degenerative osteoarthropathy caused by hypofunction,common diseases were hypertension,coronary heart disease,cataract,diabetes,prostate disease,cerebral infarction,Alzheimer's disease,etc.The incidence of fracture in women was significantly higher than that in men(P<0.01).Cerebral infarction and Alzheimer's disease were the impacting factors of moderate and severe dependence on ADL(P<0.05).Conclusion Cerebral infarction and Alzheimer's disease are the main disease factors that impact the dependence on ADL of the long-lived elderly.