儿童呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on children with respiratory tractvirus infection

目的了解厦门地区儿童呼吸道病毒病原谱的构成及其流行病学特征。方法收集厦门市儿童医院2019年3月至2020年2月呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子标本12394份进行病毒学检测。应用直接免疫荧光法对呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒1、2、3型等7种呼吸道病毒进行检测,结果采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行分析。结果在12394份咽拭子标本中检出率最高病毒种类是呼吸道合胞病毒,占44.87%;其次是腺病毒,占30.81%;幼儿期是病毒感染的高发年龄段;各年龄段病毒分布种类不同,其中幼儿组以呼吸道合胞病毒为主(80.41%),学龄前组腺病毒的检出率最高(39.27%);检出的呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒具有季节分布特点,秋冬春季以呼吸道合胞病毒为主,夏季腺病毒多见。结论儿童呼吸道感染以呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒感染常见;掌握病毒感染的年龄特点和季节特点为临床早期诊断、合理用药及预防并发症有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the constitution of children in Xiamen with respiratory tract virus pathogen spectrum and its epidemiological features.Methods A total of 12394 throat swab specimens of children with respiratory tract infection in Xiamen Children's Hospital from March 2019 to February 2020 were collected for virological detection.7 respiratory tract viruses including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus,influenza A virus,influenza B virus,parainfluenza virus type 1,2 and 3,etc.,were detected by direct immunofluorescence.The results were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software.Results RSV was the virus with the highest detection rate in 12394 throat swab specimens,accounting for 44.87%.The second was adenovirus,accounting for 30.81%.Infant period was the high incidence age of virus infection.The distribution types of viruses were different in different age groups.Among it,RSV was the main pathogen in the infant group,accounting for 80.41%.And the detection rate of ADA in the preschool group was the highest,accounting for 39.27%.The detected RSV and adenovirus had seasonal distribution features.RSV was the main pathogen in autumn,winter and spring,and adenovirus was more common in summer.Conclusion RSV and adenovirus infection are common in children's respiratory tract infection.It is of great significance to master the age and seasonal features of virus infection for early clinical diagnosis,rational medication and prevention of complications.