杜仲胶提取与规模化生产现状及其产业发展面临的问题

Current Situation in Extraction and Large-scale Production of Eucommia ulmoides Gum and Its Development Issues

杜仲是我国非常宝贵的战略资源,杜仲胶是带动杜仲大产业发展的核心动力。杜仲胶产业的发展不仅能够改善我国天然橡胶不足的现状,还可以为我国提供新的来源充足的后备胶种,形成以我国杜仲胶新兴产业为龙头的国际天然橡胶市场新格局。近年来,杜仲胶产业化和应用开发虽然取得突出进展,但还远不能适应形势发展的需要,究其原因是杜仲产业链的发展存在技术不完善、资金不足等一些突出问题。本文阐述了杜仲叶、树皮、果实在生长时期的含胶量变化情况,重点综述了杜仲胶的碱煮法、溶剂提取法、微生物发酵法、生物酶解法及综合法等提取技术,并综述了杜仲胶规模化生产现状,同时对杜仲胶产业发展面临的诸多问题如研发资金及研发团队的不足、橡胶基础研究与工程应用的脱节、产品标准的缺失等等进行深入分析和讨论,并提出了建议和措施着力解决发展中的关键问题,以助力杜仲胶在系统材料工程学中的开发利用,为杜仲胶产业持续发展提供参考。

Eucommia ulmoides gum is a valuable strategic resource in China,and it is the core driving force for the development of E.ulmoides.The development of E.ulmoides gum industry can not only improve the status quo of insufficient natural rubber in China,but also provide China with new sources of sufficient reserve rubber,to form a new international natural rubber market pattern with China's E.ulmoides gum emerging industry as the leader.In recent years,although remarkable progress has been made in the industrialization and application development of E.ulmoides gum,it is still far from meeting the needs of the development of the situation.The reason is that the development of the industrial chain of E.ulmoides has some outstanding problems,such as imperfect technology and insufficient funds.In this article,the changes of gum content in leaves,bark and fruit of E.ulmoides during the growth period were described,its extraction technology(alkaline cooking,solvent extraction,microbial fermentation,bioenzymolysis and comprehensive method)and large-scale production status were mainly summarized.At the same time,many problems in the development of the industry such as lack of research fund and team,disconnect between basic research and engineering applications of gum,lack of product standards,and so on,were deeply analyzed and discussed,and advanced suggestions and measures to solve these key problems in the development.In order to help the development and utilization of E.ulmoides gum in system material engineering,and provide reference for the sustainable development of E.ulmoides rubber industry.