毛乌素沙地植物多样性保护防沙治沙示范

Demonstration of Sand Control by Plant Diversity Protection in Mu Us Sandy Land

以榆林红石峡沙地植物群落为研究对象,采用群落生态学的调查方法,对群落结构特征、植物生活型、植物多样性分析研究,为毛乌素沙地植物多样性保护防沙治沙提供科学依据。结果表明:榆林红石峡沙地植物种类丰富,包括3门5纲29目62科168属252种,其中蕨类植物门1纲1目1科1属2种;裸子植物门2纲2目3科5属14种;被子植物门2纲26目58科162属236种;禾本科的狗尾草、硬质早熟禾、糙隐子草,菊科的沙蒿、茵陈蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花,藜科的尖头叶藜、藜,紫葳科的角蒿,豆科的踏郎、柠条、白柠条、紫穗槐,杨柳科的沙柳,松科的樟子松是群落中的主要植物;以多年生草本植物为主,一年生草本植物次之,团块状分布的高大乔木樟子松,辅以散状分布的灌木,使原来的流动沙地变成了固定沙地,形成了半干旱区沙地草原稀树的自然景观。

With the study object of plant community of Hongshixia sandy land of Yulin,by using the investigation method of community ecology,the community structure characteristics,plant life form,and plant diversity were analyzed and studied to provide a scientific basis for the diversity protection of plants on the Mu Us Sandy land and prevention and control of desertification.The results showed that the Hongshixia sandy land of Yulin had various kinds of plants,included 3 phylums,5 classes,29 orders,62 families,168 genera,and 252 species.Among them,for Pteridophyta,there was 1 class,1 order,1 family,1 genus,and 2 species;for Gymnospermae,there were 2 classes,2 orders,3 families,5 genera,and 14 species;and for Angiospermae,there were 2 classes,26 orders,58 families,162 genera,and 236 species.Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.,Poa sphondylodes Trin.,and Cleistogenes squarrosa(Trin.)Keng in Gramineae;Artemisia desertorum Spreng.Syst.Veg.,Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,and Heteropappus altaicus(Willd)Novopokr.in Asteraceae;Chenopodium acuminatum Willd.And Chenopodium album L.in Chenopodiaceae;Incarvillea sinensis Lam.in Bignoniaceae;Hedysarum fruticosum Pall.var.leave(Maxim.)H.C.Fu,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Caragana intermedia Kuang et H.C.Fu and Amorpha fruticosa Linn.in Fabaceae;Salix psammophila C.Wang et Ch.Y.Yang in Salicaceae;and Pinus sylvestris Linn.var.mongolica Litv.in Pinaceae were the main plants in the community.The community were dominated by perennial herbs,followed by annual herbs.The Pinus sylvestris Linn.var.mongolica Litv.,the tall arbour distributed in block masses,was supplemented by the dispersively distributed shrub.The original shifting sandy land changed into the fixed sandy land,forming a natural landscape of sparse trees in the semi-arid sandy grassland.