服务业开放、海外业务与就业——基于服务业上市公司的PSM-DID研究

Service Openness, Overseas Business and Employment——Based on PSM-DID Research of Listed Companies in Service Industry

在中国服务业企业海外业务规模迅猛增长的背景下,本文探究服务业企业开展海外业务对就业的影响及其中间机制,这对缓解中国当前就业压力具有重要意义。为此,本文采用服务业上市公司数据,运用DID以及PSM-DID实证检验了服务业企业开展海外业务对企业就业规模和就业结构的影响及服务业开放的中介效应。研究结果表明:服务业企业开展海外业务显著提高了企业就业规模;从就业结构来看,对企业高学历人员占比的影响并不明显,却显著降低了企业技术人员占比;服务业开放加剧了服务业企业开展海外业务对就业规模和就业结构的影响效果。上述结论表明协同推进服务业扩大开放、就业优先战略和引入高质量外资是优化就业结构、破解就业难题的有效路径。

This paper uses the data of service industry listed companies,by applying the method of DID and PSM-DID,from micro level to analyzed service companies to develop overseas business have the influence on the enterprise employment scale and employment structure,and the mediation effect of FDI in service industry.The results show that the service companies develop overseas business have significantly increased the size of the enterprise employment,have no obvious impact to the enterprise of the ratio of highly educated workers,significantly reduces the enterprise the ratio of technical staff accounted,the opening of service industry intensifies the promoting effect of the influence of overseas business of service enterprises on the employment scale and employment structure..The above conclusion indicates that the effective way to optimize the employment structure and solve the employment problem is to promote the service industry to open wider,give priority to employment strategy and introduce high-quality foreign investment.