理性还是合法性:中国社会工作 专业发展的动力机制--以高校专业设置为例

Rationality or Legitimacy:Motive Mechanism of Social Work Major Development:Study on Major Arrangement of Higher Learning Institutions in China

在我国社会工作专业的发展过程中,高校设置该专业主要是依据自身条件还是经济社会发展需要?从组织社会学出发,将理性选择与合法化机制作为两个相互竞争的理论逻辑,利用Cox比例风险模型对我国高校设置社会工作本科专业的影响因素进行探析。研究发现,院校特征(是否开设社会学专业)对高校设置社会工作本科专业具有显著影响,城市经济社会发展的影响并不显著。目前我国高校设置社会工作本科专业的动力机制主要是理性选择,而非合法性机制。这可能导致高校的专业设置、人才培养与社会需求脱节,对社会工作专业的发展产生不利影响。今后,中国社会工作专业的发展既要从自身实力出发,又要兼顾经济社会发展需要。

Should a college or university take into account its own faculty structure or the need generated from social and economic development when setting up the social work major?Based on Organizational Sociology,taking rational choice and legitimate mechanism as two modes of competing logic and using Cox Proportional Hazard Model,it is found that in China it is not development of urban society and economy but the condition of the school,namely,whether a college or university has offered Social Work major,that has a significant impact on the decision to offer Social Work as an undergraduate major.The result indicates that currently the main driving mechanism for higher learning institutions in China to offer Social Work as an undergraduate major is rational choice instead of legitimate mechanism.Such result may lead to a mismatch between the major arrangement and talent training of higher learning institutions and the requirement of social development,which has an adverse effect on the development of Social Work major.It is suggested that both faculty structure and social and economic development be taken into account for the development of Social Work major in China.