苏轼《水调歌头》与宋代中秋节俗——兼议阐释中的两个角度

A study on the Relationship between Su Shi's Prelude to Water Melody and the Mid-autumn Festival Customs of Song Dynasty:Comment on the Two Perspectives of Interpretation

宋人过中秋节,有对月祈祷、通宵欢娱游宴的习俗。苏轼《水调歌头》立足宋代中秋节俗,句句扣住月亮,涵化民间传说,意脉连贯。其中“欢饮达旦”“不胜寒”“清影”等都和月宫传说、中秋节俗直接相关。传统的阐释强调此词对李白诗的点化及词的政治寓意、人生哲理,却形成了对词本意的屏蔽,并产生了矛盾。从民俗角度阐释,则可解决矛盾,贯通词意。

During the Mid-autumn Festival in Song Dynasty,people prayed to the moon and entertained all night.Sushi's Prelude to Water Melody is based on the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Dynasty.Every sentence writes about the moon,which melts into folklore and has a coherent meaning.The words"happy drinking all night","unbearable cold"and"cool shadow"are directly related to the legend of the moon and the custom of Mid-autumn Festival.The traditional interpretation emphasizes the borrowing of Li Bai's poems,the political implication and philosophy of life,but it forms a barrier to the original meaning of the Ci and produces contradictions.If we explain it from the perspective of folk custom,we can solve the contradiction and link up the meaning.