美国地质调查局水资源处名称辨析

Discrimination and Analysis of the Name of WRD of the U.S.Geological Survey

美国地质调查局曾经设立水资源处,简称WRD,这在学界没有大的分歧。然而,这里的WRD具体指什么?中国学界对此存在不同的解释或处理方式,容易造成混淆误解,甚至美国学界也不例外。其实,在美国地质调查局的发展历程中存在两个WRD:一个是早期设立的Water Resources Division,另一个是取代前者的Water Resources Discipline。前者曾长期存在,后者出现于21世纪初,存续时间较短。2010年美国地质调查局改组管理部门,Water Resources Discipline又变更为Water Mission Area(WMR),即水任务区。

The Water Resources Division previously established by the U.S.Geological Survey(USGS)is called WRD for short,which has little disagreement among the academic circles.However,what exactly does WRD refer to?Chinese scholars have different interpretations or ways of dealing with it,which is easy to cause confusion and misunderstanding,even American scholars are no exception.In fact,there are two WRDs in the development of USGS:one is the Water Resources Division which was established in the early days,and the other is Water Resources Discipline which replaced the former.The former existed for a long time,while the latter appeared at the beginning of the 21st century and lasted for a short time.In 2010,USGS reorganized its management department,and Water Resources Discipline was changed to Water Mission Area(WMR).