伪满成立前日本在中国东北的农业掠夺开发——经济殖民视角下的水田农业开发模式分析

Japan's Predatory Agricultural Development in Northeast China before the Establishment of Puppet Manchukuo:An Analysis of Paddy Field Agriculture Mode from the Perspective of Economic Colonization

1905年日俄战争结束后,日本控制了中国东北南部,以此为据点不断对华实施殖民侵略活动。这一时期日本在东北地区的水田农业开发是日本在东北进行经济侵略的重要内容,也是日本战前“资源导向型”经济殖民开发活动的典型例证。在1932年日本建立伪满傀儡政权、实现对东北的完全统治以前,日本为解决国内人口增长引发的粮食不足问题,妄图在中国东北占领地建立“粮食供给基地”,为此进行了一定规模的水田农业开发。这一时期,日本在东北的势力范围主要在南满铁路沿线的“满铁附属地”和辽东半岛所谓“关东州租借地”的旅大地区,在水田农业开发方面逐渐形成两种模式:一是“国策会社模式”,二是“农业移民模式”。这两种模式虽然在局部层面先后取得了技术和生产上的成效,但由于其浓厚的政治和侵略属性,违背了东北地区复杂的社会经济条件和经济规律,最终沦为不可持续的“负债开发”。日本在东北建立“粮食供给基地”的战略尝试以失败而告终。

After the Russo-Japanese war in 1905,Japan took control of the southern part of northeast China and began economic colonization.The development of paddy field agriculture was an important part of Japan's economic aggression in northeast China during this period.It was also a typical example of Japan's resource-oriented economic colonization.Before the establishment of the“Puppet Manchukuo”in 1932,Japan tried to establish a“grain supply base”in the occupied areas of northeast China through developing paddy field agriculture on a certain scale,in order to solve the problem of food shortage caused by the domestic population growth.During this period,Japan's sphere of influence in northeast China was mainly confined to South Manchuria Railway Zone and Kwantung Leased Territory.In this context,there were two development modes in paddy field agriculture carried out by Japan.One was the“national company mode”led by South Manchuria Railways Co.,the other was the“agricultural immigration mode”led by the colonial government.Though the two modes obtained technology and production results at the local level,the development of paddy field agriculture by Japan was finally became an unsustainable“debt development”,since its strong political and invasive attributes went against the complex social and economic conditions and economics laws in northeast China.Japan's strategic attempt to establish an overseas grain supply base in the northeast China ended in failure.