变形机翼飞行器发展综述

Review of Morphing Wing Aircraft

现代飞行器面临日益复杂的飞行任务,但采用固定外形机翼进行多目标优化设计必然带来机翼性能的折中与权衡,使得飞行器在任何一个设计工况下都很难达到性能最优。变形机翼是解决该问题的有效途径,通过改变外形来适应不同的飞行环境,避免了固定外形机翼在多目标设计中的性能折中与权衡问题。首先,梳理了变形机翼飞行器的发展历程并阐述了各阶段的发展特点,列举了发展至今较为典型的变形机翼飞行器;其次,根据平面形状和翼型剖面是否变化将机翼变形分为平面形状变形、非平面形状变形和翼型剖面变形,介绍了三种变体类型的具体变形方式与实际工程应用;然后,讨论了变形机翼所涉及的气动设计、结构设计、飞行控制等关键技术;最后,总结了变形机翼技术对于现代飞行器设计的重要意义与价值,展望了多学科优化设计在变形机翼中的应用。研究将为变形机翼飞行器的发展提供参考依据。

Modern aircraft will face more and more complicated flight mission.However,multi-objective design optimization will lead to the compromise of performance for fixed-shape wing,which means the performance would not be the best in each condition.Morphing wing is a good method to negotiate the design conflicts.The aircraft changes its wing shape to adapt to different condition,thus avoiding the collisions in multi-objective design optimization.Job is done to understand the full view of morphing wing aircraft.First,the development history of morphing wing is intro-duced with features of each stage,and those are listed that the typical morphing wing aircrafts in history.Next,the morphing wing is classified as platform morphing,out of platform morphing and foil morphing.Three manners of morphing are listed with its engineering applications,respectively.Then,the key techniques are discussed such as shape design,structure design,flight control.Finally,conclusions are made about the value for morphing wing aircraft,and multi-disciplinary design is brought up to be a promising and technique for morphing wing design.This paper aims to provide reference for the development of morphing wing.