汉语量词多重语法功能的类型学分析

A Study on the Evolution of Chinese Classifiers’Functions from the Typological Perspective

量词是汉藏语系诸多语言的显著特征之一,也是类型学上区分语系语言的一个重要特征。以汉语量词的演变过程为基础,并结合汉藏语系语言以及汉语方言中的量词,来分析量词功能演变规律,可以为汉语量词多重语法功能寻找到语言类型学依据。通过考察发现,量词的起源与功能演变均不是以表达名词数量意义为动因。量词功能经历了回指、分类、替代、个标、指称、定语标记等一系列变化过程,这些变化与数量结构的变化紧密相关,具有语言类型学的普遍发展特征。

Classifiers is an outstanding feature of the Sino-Tibetan languages and an important typological distinguishing marker from the languages of other linguistic families.On the basis of the process of classifiers’evolution and with the classifiers in Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages as reference,it is found that the motivation of Chinese classifiers’evolution is not for the expression of nouns quantity.The evolution goes through anaphor,classification,substitution,individual marker,referential function and attributive marker.The whole process is closed to the changes of Chinese quantitative structures,which can be supported with typological evidence.