试论明代土司机构中的把事与汉把

Bashi and Han Bashi in Tusi institutions in Ming Dynasty

把事是元代以来土司机构中的属员,多由土司“保用”,其任用具有很大的灵活性。汉把则是汉人把事,由汉人“投充”而来,是土司机构中所任用把事中的一种,多见于贵州水西土司中。汉把在土司机构中起到协助土司治理,加强土流沟通的作用。鉴于汉把在土流博弈中的重要影响,明廷试图对土司机构中汉把的任用和管理进行一定限制,但未能成功。

Bashi was a member of the Tusi organization since the Yuan Dynasty.It had an educational function at the beginning of its establishment,and later it was no different from the general Tusi subordinates.Its appointment has great flexibility.Han Bashi means Han people’s Bagshi,which is one of the Bashi employed in the chieftain institutions.It is the most common in Guizhou Shuixi Tusi,most of which are“guaranteed”by the Tusi.Han Bashi played a role in assisting Tusi governance in the Tusi organization and strengthening communication between the government and Tusi.In view of the important influence of the Han Bashi in the game between the government and the chieftain,the Ming Dynasty government tried to restrict the appointment and management of the Han Bashi in the chieftain organization,but ultimately failed.