产业空间分布与地区差距变动:基于文献的评论

Spatial Distribution of Industries and Variation in Regional Disparities:A Review Based on Literatures

新古典经济学将要素的相互作用黑箱化了,不能解释地区差距变动的内生机制。新经济地理学通过引入规模报酬递增,有利于分析地区差距变动的内生机理。在理论模型中,如果是流动性要素传导空间作用力,地区经济差距是单调变动关系,但如果还存在其他分散力作用,则地区经济差距可能非线性变动。21世纪初所出现的地区经济差距的拐点实际是以损失空间资源效率为代价的。通过引入企业异质性,可以运用选择效应和分类效应解释地区经济差距缩小的同时生产率差距扩大的内在机制,但如果进一步将企业异质性内生化,以及考虑双边选择、多样化集聚等更为具体的产业情形,生产率差距的变动也可能是非线性的。为真正达到区域协调发展的目的,产业转移政策应遵循产业空间演化规律,注重微观主体激励,并向竞争政策转型。

The neoclassical economics made the interaction of factors a blackbox and cannot explain the endogenous mechanism of regional disparities change.The new economic geography is conducive to analyzing the endogenous mechanism of regional gap change by introducing increasing returns.In the theoretical model,the regional economic disparities are monotone because of liquidity factor,but if there are other dispersion forces,the regional economic disparities may be nonlinear.The inflection point of the regional economic disparities emerging at the turn of the century is actually at the cost of the loss of spatial resource efficiency.By introducing firm heterogeneity,the selection effect and classification effect can be used to explain the internal mechanism of the widened productivity gap while the regional economic disparity becoming narrow.But the changes in the productivity gap may be nonlinear if there are endogenous firm heterogeneity,bilateral choice and diversified agglomeration.In order to truly achieve the goal of regional coordinated development,the industrial transfer policy should follow the law of industrial space evolution,pay attention to the incentive of the micro bodies,and be transformed into the competition policy.