基于StarFix XP高程数据的潮汐校正在海洋地震资料中的应用

Application of tidal correction based on StarFix XP elevation in marine seismic data

海洋地震勘探中,潮汐对地震资料的质量影响较大,潮汐严重时会严重影响地震资料成像效果。获取海洋地震勘探的准确潮汐值并进行潮汐校正是海洋地震资料处理中重要的一个环节。在潮汐值的获取上,以前利用水深求取潮汐值或者利用水文站的历史潮汐数据预测潮汐值,但这两种方法取得的潮汐值精度较低。在中国南海某工区进行的三维地震资料采集和处理中,通过对StarFix XP定位系统提供的实时测量高程数据,进行高程转换、信号处理求出地震资料采集过程中实时的潮汐值,并利用该潮汐数据在Echos地震资料处理系统下,开发了潮汐处理模块对地震资料进行潮汐校正处理,经过实时潮汐校正处理后,地震资料的质量改善明显,地震资料的浅层分辨率和信噪比得到显著提高,同时减轻了“采集脚印”的影响,提高了资料的成像效果。

In marine seismic exploration,the tide has a great influence on the quality of seismic data.When the tide is serious,the imaging effect of seismic data will be seriously affected.It is an important part of marine seismic data processing to obtain and correct the tide value of marine seismic exploration.In order to obtain the tide value,we used to apply the water depth to calculate the tide value or use the historical tide data of the hydrological station to predict the tide value,but the accuracy of the two methods is low.In the process of 3-D seismic data acquisition and processing in a survey of South China sea,through the elevation conversion and signal processing of the real-time elevation data provided by starfix XP positioning system,the real-time tidal value in the process of seismic data acquisition is obtained.After real-time tidal correction,the quality of seismic data is improved obviously,and then the shallow resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data are significantly improved.At the same time,the influence of"acquisition footprint"is reduced and the imaging effect of data is improved.