人口年龄结构变迁对资本流动的影响机制及对中国的启示

The Influence Mechanism of the Change of Population Age Structure on Capital Flow and Its Enlightenment to China

人口年龄结构变化改变着一国的经济增长率和储蓄率,进而对其资本流动产生影响。中国改革开放以来,伴随着经济的高速发展,人口结构也发生了转变,主要体现为生育率显著下降,劳动人口增长趋于停滞,老龄化趋势日益明显。在中国人口结构转变和经济结构转变的新发展阶段,厘清人口年龄结构变迁影响资本流动的作用机制,对中国这样一个长期主要依赖出口和投资增长的国家来说尤为重要。

The change in the age structure of the population changes China's economic growth rate and savings rate,which in turn has an impact on its capital flow.Since China's reform and opening up,along with the rapid economic development,the demographic structure has also changed,which is mainly reflected in the significant decline in the fertility rate,the stagnation of the labor force growth,and the increasingly obvious trend of aging.In the new development stage of the transformation of China's demographic structure and economic structure,it is particularly important for a country like China that has long been dependent on export and investment growth to clarify the mechanism by which changes in population age structure affect capital flows.