全氟辛酸在松花江水体多介质环境中迁移、归趋和风险研究

Multi-media transfer,fate and risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid in Songhua River

为探究全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)在松花江水体多介质环境中的迁移和归趋行为,评估其在松花江水体的环境风险,采用Ⅲ级逸度模型模拟估算了松花江流域大气、江水、颗粒物和沉积物中PFOA的含量及其分布规律,计算了PFOA在不同环境介质的迁移通量,采用风险特征比率法评估了PFOA在松花江水体的环境风险.结果表明:PFOA在松花江流域大气、江水、颗粒物、沉积物中的模拟含量分别为1496.03 pg/m^(3),0.0103 ng/L,15.27μg/kg,19.98μg/kg,PFOA几乎全部进入了颗粒物和沉积物中.PFOA由江水向悬浮颗粒物的迁移、沉积物向江水的迁移分别占相间总迁移通量的84.63%和15.12%,为PFOA的主要相迁移路径.由估算结果计算的水和沉积物的风险特征比率(risk characteristic ratios)均远小于1,表明PFOA对松花江水生生物的危害概率较低.

In order to investigate the transfer and fate and assess the environmental risk of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in multi-media environment of Songhua River,a levelⅢfugacity model was employed to estimate PFOA concentrations and distributions in atmosphere,water,particulate matter,and sediment of Songhua River.The transfer fluxes of PFOA were calculated in different environmental mediums.The risk characteristic ratio method was used to assess the environmental risk of PFOA in Songhua River.The results showed that the simulated concentrations of PFOA in atmosphere,water,particulate matter,sediment were respectively 1496.03 pg/m^(3),0.0103 ng/L,15.27μg/kg,19.98μg/kg,indicating that PFOA distributed almost entirely in particulate matter and sediment.The transfers of PFOA from water to particulate matter,from sediment to water were the main transfer routes,accounting for 84.63%and 15.12%of total transfer,respectively.The numerical values of risk characteristic ratios calculated by the estimated results were far less than 1,indicating the very low harmful probability of PFOA to aquatic organisms in Songhua River.