真善之间:民族志书写的价值性探析

Between Truth and Goodness:An Analysis of the Value of Ethnographic Writing

民族志书写实践中出现的批判与反思,是价值性这个当代人文社会科学领域的核心范畴在人类学中的最好表征。从科学民族志书写主张的“价值无涉”到后现代民族志书写倡导的“价值关联”,价值性在民族志书写中从无到有、从少到多的发展态势,很好地展现了人类学和民族志书写的关系性本质和人文底色。而价值性渗入民族志书写,不仅使科学民族志书写的真实性受到了广泛质疑,也增强了后现代民族志书写的情境复杂性。随之而来的多重主体、多种范式及多样体裁的并存,彰显了价值选择性在民族志书写中的重要性和紧迫性。因此,在科学与艺术、真理与价值、文本化与主体化的不断碰撞与交融中,把握好民族志书写的价值关联性、价值多维性及价值选择性,才能理顺民族志书写真善之间的辩证关系,促使求真至善唯美的民族志书写范式的最终形成。

At present,the criticism and reflection in the practice of ethnographic writing is the best representation of value in anthropology,a core category in the field of contemporary humanities and social sciences.From the“value free”advocated by scientific ethnography writing to the“value relevance”advocated by post-modern ethnography writing,the development trend of value in ethnography writing fully demonstrates the relational nature and humanistic background of anthropology and ethnographic writing.However,the infiltration of value into ethnographic writing not only makes the authenticity of scientific ethnographic writing widely questioned,but also enhances the situational complexity of post-modern ethnographic writing.The subsequent coexistence of multiple subjects,multiple paradigms and multiple genres further demonstrates the importance and urgency of value selectivity in ethnographic writing.Therefore,in the constant collision and blending of science and art,truth and value,textualization and subjectivization,only by grasping the value relevance,value multidimensionality and value selectivity of ethnographic writing can we sort out the dialectical relationship between truth and goodness in ethnographic writing and promote the final formation of the ethnographic writing paradigm which seeks truth,perfection and beauty.