茶园间作鼠茅草初探

A preliminary study on intercropping salvia in tea garden

茶园杂草是制约茶园生产管理的一大难题,传统的人工除草方式对劳动力需求较大且人工成本较高,化学防治方法又给茶叶品质安全带来隐患,因此亟需开发一种环境友好且可降低人工成本的有效除草技术。鼠茅草种植是近年来新出现的一种果园杂草控制技术,它的生长可抑制果园中大部分杂草的生长,若将鼠茅草引种于茶园,或将有利于茶园的生产与环境保护等。本研究通过两个方面来验证鼠茅草在茶园中种植的适应性:一是通过室内培养试验明确鼠茅草种子的萌发条件;二是通过大田试验验证鼠茅草在茶园种的生长特性。结果表明:鼠茅草种子在10℃下可顺利萌发,所需时长为13-14天,发芽率为71.14%,对种子采用浸种1天的处理后,发芽率可以上升至74.86%,发芽时长减少1-2天;试验表明鼠茅草在茶园的适应性良好,秋季播种在茶行间,越冬后在次年3月份反青,6月份倒伏后可抑制大部分杂草的生长。本研究结果表明在茶园适宜间作鼠茅草,鼠茅草的生长可有效控制春夏杂草的生长。因此该项生态控草技术可有效解决茶园杂草问题,为茶园可持续发展奠定基础。

Weeds in tea gardens are a major problem that restricts the production and management of tea gardens.Traditional manual weeding methods have a large demand for labor and the labor costs is high.Chemical control methods also bring hidden dangers to the quality and safety of tea products.Therefore,it is urgent to develop an environmentally friendly method which can reduce labor cost effectively.Salvia planting is a new orchard weed control technology that has emerged in recent years.The growth of salvia can inhibit the growth of most of the weeds in the orchard.If salvia is planted into tea gardens,it may be beneficial to the production and environmental protection of tea gardens.This study verified the adaptability of salvia in tea gardens through two aspects:one is to clarify the germination conditions of salvia seeds through indoor culture experiments;the other is to verify the growth characteristics of salvia in tea gardens through field experiments.The results showed that the sage grass seeds required 13-14 days germinating smoothly at 10℃and the germination rate is 71.14%.After the seeds are soaked for 1 day,the germination rate can rise to 74.86%.And the germination time reduced 1-2 days.Our experiments show that the adaptability of salvia in tea gardens is good.It is sown in tea fields in autumn and turns green in March of the following year after overwintering.After falling in June,it can inhibit the growth of other weeds.The results of this study indicate that it is suitable for intercropping salvia in tea gardens.The growth of salvia can effectively control the growth of spring and summer weeds.Therefore,this ecological weed control technology can effectively solve the problem of weeding in tea gardens and lay a foundation for the sustainable development of tea gardens.