超润滑技术的研究现状与发展方向

Research Status and Development Direction of Superlubricity

摩擦以及其引起的磨损不仅会造成能源的浪费,还会影响机械装置的精度和寿命。降低摩擦,甚至是实现“零”摩擦在各应用领域都具有迫切的需求。因此,超润滑技术的理论与实验研究都成为近年来研究的热点。本文主要回顾了超润滑概念的提出及研究现状,总结了超润滑现象的独特属性以及产生超润滑所需要具备的条件,筛选了有望产生超润滑的材料并指出了目前研究与应用的困难,最后简要论述了超润滑技术的发展方向及其应用前景。

Friction and wear will not only waste energy,but also affect the accuracy and life of mechanical devices.Reducing friction,even achieving“zero”friction,has an urgent demand in various application fields.Therefore,the theoretical and experimental research of superlubricity technology has become a hotspot in recent years.The concept of superlubricity and its research status are reviewed in this paper.The unique properties of superlubrication phenomenon and the necessary conditions for superlubricity are summarized.The materials that are expected to be suitable for superlubricity are screened,and the difficulties during research and application are pointed out.At last,the development direction and application prospect of superlubricity are briefly discussed.