甘薯种植农艺及机械化种植技术研究

Agronomic characteristics and mechanized planting technology of sweet potato

针对农村劳动力日益短缺,甘薯的种植成本增加,国内专门用于甘薯的移栽机械不成熟,导致甘薯种植机械化率、作业效率较低,种植户对甘薯移栽机械需求迫切等问题,在研究甘薯种植农艺要求的基础上,对比分析国内外甘薯种植机械的研究与应用现状,指出甘薯机械化移栽过程中面临种植环境复杂多样、甘薯裸苗移栽自动分苗困难、种植农艺工序复杂、甘薯栽插技术不成熟等主要问题。从农机农艺有机融合、提高移栽机的适应性、甘薯移栽装备集成、智能化技术的研究与应用等方面提出甘薯机械化移栽研究方向,并从甘薯自动分苗技术、定向定位输送技术、水平、船底栽插技术三方面提出亟待突破的关键技术,为以后甘薯机械化种植技术的发展提供参考。

Given the increasing shortage of rural labor force,sweet potato planting cost has increased.The domestic environment for specialized sweet potato transplanting machines is not mature,which leads to the lower rate of sweet potato planting mechanization with low efficiency,further leading to farmers urgent demand for sweet potato transplanting machines.Based on the research of sweet potato planting agronomic requirements,it analyzed the research and application status of sweet potato planting machinery at home and abroad,pointing out to the complicacy of sweet potato mechanization transplanting&cultivation environment,difficulty in sweet potato seedling transplantation&segmentation,and the complexity of planting agronomic process.The main problem is that sweet potato transplanting technology was not mature.From farm machinery and organic agricultural fusion,thus improving of the adaptability of transplanting machine and sweet potato transplanting equipment integration,research and application of intelligent technology of sweet potato mechanization transplanting research direction were put forward.From sweet potato seedling technology,three aspects-directional positioning conveying technology,horizontal,and bottom transplanting technology-were found to break through the key technology,providing a reference for future development of sweet potato mechanization planting technology.