全自动鲜莲子剥壳去膜机设计及试验

Design and experiment on automatic husking and peeling machine for fresh lotus seeds

鲜莲子存在着明显的地域差异、品种差异和成熟度差异,鲜莲子剥壳去膜机在不同地区使用时需要根据加工效果对各工作部件参数进行实时调节。针对目前市场上的鲜莲子剥壳去膜机传动复杂、各工作部件相互关联调节困难等问题,将鲜莲子剥壳去膜机进行模块化、电气化设计。首先根据鲜莲子剥壳、去膜工序要求,将整机分为进料装置、剥壳装置和去膜装置3个工作模块,各个模块均采用独立的变频调速电机驱动并采用变频器、继电器、光电开关进行信号检测与控制。然后对各个作业装置进行结构设计与计算。最后进行整机剥壳、去膜试验,试验表明:该机平均加工合格率为91.5%,破损率为2.5%,加工速率约为58颗/min,加工效率约为15.4 kg/h。该文设计的全自动鲜莲子剥壳去膜机结构简单、工作参数调节方便,为后续整机工作参数优化、性能提升打下良好的研究基础。

Because of different territories,breeds,and picking periods,fresh lotus seeds always present different mechanical properties.Husking and peeling machines need to adjust the parameters of each working part in real-time according to the processing effect when used in different territories.In order to solve the problem that the fresh lotus seed husking and peeling machine is difficult to adjust the working parts of its complicated drive,the fresh lotus seed husking and peeling machine was designed with modular parts and electrification.Firstly,a feeding device,husking device,and peeling device were designed based on the fresh lotus seed husking and peeling process.In addition,each module is driven by an independent frequency conversion motor.Then,inverter,relay,and photo electrics were applied in the signal detection and control system.Furthermore,restructure of design and calculation of each operating device was carried out.Based on a husking and peeling experiment,the designed machine with optimized structures achieved a higher processing rate(91.5%)and lower damage rate(2.5%),and the processing rate was 58 seeds/min,processing efficiency is nearly 15.4 kg/h.Last but not least,the fresh lotus seed husking and peeling machine designed in this paper was simple in structure and convenient in adjusting working parameters.