河道黑臭水体原位修复无人船设计

Design of unmanned boat for in-situ restoration of black-odor river water body

为提高河道黑臭水体修复作业的机械化程度,依据“投加微生物菌剂+鼓风曝气+投放炭纤维生态草”的黑臭水体修复技术,设计一种河道黑臭水体原位修复无人船。船体行驶系由电动机、滚珠丝杠、曲柄滑块机构、叶轮、方向舵等组成。微生物菌剂投加系统由电磁阀、搅拌电机、储液箱等组成;鼓风曝气系统由空气压缩机、电动推杆、曝气杆、电磁阀等组成;炭纤维生态草投放系统由电动机、叶片、储草箱等组成。控制及通信系统由PLC、NB-IoT等组成。岸上手机经NB-IoT与船上PLC通信,由PLC及电气设备控制各机械动作,再由各机械实现无人船行驶和黑臭水体修复作业。试验结果表明:修复作用截面范围≥1 m^(2)、作业时适宜船速≤5 km/h、远程控制距离≥3 km、连续作业时间≥1 h、氨氮(NH_(3)-H)去除率≥73%、化学需氧量(COD)去除率≥65%,各项指标均满足设计要求。该研究对提高修复作业的效率和质量、降低劳动强度和健康危害,有着重要意义。

To improve the mechanization degree of restoration operation of river black-odor water body,an unmanned boat for in-situ restoration of black-odor river water body was designed according to the black-odor water body restoration technology of dosing microbial agents+blast aeration+throwing carbon fiber eco-grass.The hull driving system consists of electric motors,ball screw mechanism,slider-crank mechanism,impeller,rudder,etc.The microbial agent dosing system consists of solenoid valve,stirring motor,liquid storage tank,etc.The blast aeration system incorporates air compressor,electric push rod,aeration rod,solenoid valve,etc.The carbon fiber eco-grass throwing system has electric motors,blades,grass storage box,etc.The control and communication system is composed of PLC,NB-IoT,etc.The mobile phone on river bank communicates with the PLC on the boat via NB-IoT.The PLC and electrical equipment control various mechanical actions.Various mechanical systems can control unmanned boat driving and black-odor water body restoration work.The test results show that restoration effect section range≥1 m^(2),suitable boat speed during operation≤5 km/h,remote control distance≥3 km,continuous working time≥1 h,ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-H)removal rate≥73%,and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate≥65%.All the indexes meet the design requirements.The study has great significance for improving the efficiency and quality of restoration operations and reducing labor intensity and health hazards.