高温催芽技术对水稻种子发芽及秧苗素质的影响

Effects of High-temperature Hastening Germination on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Quality

根据高温催芽机促进水稻种子发芽机理,设计不同温度处理对种子发芽情况进行研究,并对不同时期秧苗素质(发芽率、出苗整齐度、干物质量等指标)进行分析,探明其与常规催芽方式的差异。结果表明:温度较高的处理(50℃和60℃)较对照种子根发根速度快,同时壮苗比例也有明显的提高;高温处理对水稻干物质积累分配有明显差异,地上部茎叶的分配比例(21.95%)要明显高于地下部根系(15.31%),更有利于促进秧苗地上部的生长。大田试验表明,60℃处理的水稻种子发芽率比对照下降5%,但壮苗率增加3.5%,田间出苗整齐,秧苗壮,成熟期水稻产量及其结构明显高于常规种子处理。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-temperature germination machine on rice seed germination.A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the seed germination status under different temperature treatments and to determine the seedling quality indexes(germination rate,emergence uniformity,dry matter weight,etc.)in different developmental stages,so as to explore the differences between the high-temperature treatments and the conventional treatment(at 25℃)in seed germination status.The results showed that seeds had a faster rooting speed in high temperature treatments(50℃and 60℃)than in the control,and the proportion of strong seedlings also significantly increased with high temperature treatments;moreover,high temperature treatments and the control had significant differences in dry matter accumulation and distribution pattern in rice plants,and with high temperature treatments,the proportion of dry matter distributed in shoots and leaves(21.95%)was significantly higher than that in roots(15.31%),which is more conducive to promoting shoot growth.While the high temperature treatment at 60℃led to a 5%decrease in seed germination rate,it caused a 3.5%increase in the proportion of strong seedlings and resulted in uniform seedling emergence and strong seedlings in the field;the yield and yield structure of rice in mature stage were significantly higher in the high temperature treatment than in the control.