减氮条件下施用蚓粪对土壤性质和水稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Vermicompost Application on Soil Properties and Rice Yield and Quality Under Reduced Nitrogen Input Conditions

在农业生产中为了达到减肥及提高水稻产量及品质的目的,选用环保型有机肥蚓粪进行研究。通过开展大田试验,以南粳9108为研究对象,共设置8个处理,包括分别减氮10%、15%的条件下,施用量分别为200、300、400 kg/667 m^(2)的蚓粪处理,对照为常规施肥和不施肥处理。在水稻成熟期取样测定,探究施用蚓粪对土壤理化性质及水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在减氮10%的条件下,施用300 kg/667 m^(2)的蚓粪能够提高土壤的有机质、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,降低pH值;水稻产量排第2,精米率和整精米率都达到了1级标准,水稻的垩白粒率和垩白度也降到最低。因此,在减氮10%后,施用300 kg/667 m^(2)的蚓粪不仅对土壤性质的改善效果较好,还能够提高水稻产量,同时对水稻的品质提升效果较好。

Aiming at reducing application rates of fertilizers and concurrently increasing rice yield and quality in agricultural production,the present study evaluated the effects of vermicompost,an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer,on soil properties and rice growth.Using the rice variety Nangeng 9108 as the experimental material,a field trial was conducted,with eight treatments consisting of a conventional fertilization control,a non-fertilization control,and six vermicompost treatments as follows:treatments with vermicompost applied at three rates(200,300,400 kg/667 m^(2))in combination with two nitrogen application rates:10%and 15%lower than that in the conventional fertilization control.Samples were taken during the rice maturity period to evaluate soil properties and rice grain yield and quality.The results showed that the treatment with vermicompost applied at 300 kg/667 m^(2) and 10%reduction in nitrogen application led to higher contents of soil organic matters,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium;and a lower soil pH value than those of the conventional control.Moreover,this treatment exceeded all the other treatments except the conventional fertilization control in grain yield;in this treatment,the rice grain polishing rate and the whole rice grain rate reached the first-class standards,and the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice dropped to the lowest.In summary,with 10%reduction in nitrogen input,vermicompost application at 300 kg/667 m^(2) improved not only the soil properties but also the grain yield and quality of rice.Hence,this study has laid the foundations for cultivation of high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties in the future.