从分析性参数看汉英介词与方位词

The Analyticity of Prepositions and Localizers in Chinese and English

从宏观参数[+/-分析性]角度来看,现代汉语具有相对分析性,而英语和古代汉语具有相对综合性。汉语、英语中的介词和方位词的结构则存在微观参数上的差异。现代汉语中的介词与方位词具有不连续性,两者的中间往往出现专有名词或名词短语,体现出汉语词类较高的分析性。英语中的介词常常表现为空语类(轻方位词),与方位词合并使用,体现出相对综合性。

In the macro-parameter system,the parameter[+/-analyticity]has different values in Chinese and English.Chinese is relatively analytic,whereas English and old Chinese are relatively synthetic.The structures of prepositions and localizers in Chinese and English differ in micro-parameter.For example,[+/-EPP],[+/-strong],etc.Prepositions and localizers in Chinese are discontinous with proper nouns or noun phrases in between,which displays the analyticity of Chinese.Prepositions and localizers in English are combined and incorporated.In other words,English prepositions are often implicit(and thus can be called empty category or light localizer),which proves that English are relatively synthetic.